{"id":425,"date":"2016-10-06T12:02:51","date_gmt":"2016-10-06T04:02:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/itservice.thu.edu.tw\/ipr\/?p=425"},"modified":"2019-06-12T12:03:31","modified_gmt":"2019-06-12T04:03:31","slug":"%e6%99%ba%e8%b2%a1%e6%b3%95%e9%99%a2%e5%b0%88%e5%88%a9%e6%9c%89%e6%95%88%e6%80%a7%e5%88%a4%e5%86%b3%e5%8f%aa%e6%9c%89%e5%80%8b%e6%a1%88%e6%95%88%e5%8a%9b%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ipr.thu.edu.tw\/?p=425","title":{"rendered":"\u667a\u8ca1\u6cd5\u9662\u5c08\u5229\u6709\u6548\u6027\u5224\u51b3\u53ea\u6709\u500b\u6848\u6548\u529b\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u7f8e\u570b\u57281971\u5e74Blonder-Tongue vs. University of Illinois Foundation\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u627f\u8a8d\u6cd5\u9662\u5224\u6c7a\u5177\u6709\u5c0d\u4e16\u6548\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5c08\u5229\u4fb5\u6b0a\u8a34\u8a1f\u4e2d\u722d\u57f7\u4e4b\u5c08\u5229\u4e00\u65e6\u88ab\u5224\u5b9a\u7121\u6548\uff0c\u8a72\u7121\u6548\u5224\u6c7a\u5c07\u7522\u751f\u5c0d\u4e16\u4e4b\u6548\u529b\u3002\u53cd\u89c0\u6211\u570b\uff0c\u56ff\u65bc\u53f8\u6cd5\u4e8c\u5143\u3001\u6c11\u4e8b\u8a34\u8a1f\u8207\u884c\u653f\u8a34\u8a1f\u5340\u5206\u7684\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u6c11\u4e8b\u4fb5\u6b0a\u8a34\u8a1f\u5c0d\u5c08\u5229\u6709\u6548\u6027\u8a8d\u5b9a\u53ea\u6709\u76f8\u5c0d\u6548\u529b\uff0c\u6b64\u4e00\u898b\u89e3\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u52a0\u901f\u5c08\u5229\u6709\u6548\u6027\u4e4b\u8a8d\u5b9a\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u9020\u6210\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u963b\u7919\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n

\u667a\u8ca1\u6cd5\u9662\u5c08\u5229\u6709\u6548\u6027\u8a8d\u5b9a\u53ea\u6709\u76f8\u5c0d\u6548\u529b<\/p>\n

\u57282008\u5e74\u6211\u570b\u8a2d\u7acb\u667a\u6167\u8ca1\u7522\u6cd5\u9662\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u6cd5\u9662\u8655\u7406\u5c08\u5229\u4fb5\u6b0a\u6848\u4ef6\u6642\uff0c\u82e5\u88ab\u544a\u63d0\u51fa\u5c08\u5229\u6709\u6548\u6027\u6297\u8faf\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u51fa\u8209\u767c\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u5730\u65b9\u6cd5\u9662\u6703\u9078\u64c7\u505c\u6b62\u8a34\u8a1f\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85\u8209\u767c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u78ba\u5b9a\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5f8c\u7e8c\u7684\u884c\u653f\u8a34\u8a1f\uff09\u3002\u8a72\u8209\u767c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5230\u5f8c\u7e8c\u7684\u884c\u653f\u8a34\u8a1f\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u53ef\u80fd\u9577\u9054\u56db\u3001\u4e94\u5e74\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u5c08\u5229\u4fb5\u6b0a\u8a34\u8a1f\u4e00\u76f4\u7121\u6cd5\u7e7c\u7e8c\u9032\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u70ba\u89e3\u6c7a\u6b64\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u6211\u570b\u65bc2008\u5e74\u5275\u7acb\u667a\u6167\u8ca1\u7522\u6cd5\u9662\u5f8c\uff0c\u5728\u667a\u6167\u8ca1\u7522\u6848\u4ef6\u5be9\u7406\u6cd5\u7b2c16\u689d\u7b2c1\u9805\u898f\u5b9a\uff1a\u300c\u7576\u4e8b\u4eba\u4e3b\u5f35\u6216\u6297\u8faf\u667a\u6167\u8ca1\u7522\u6b0a\u6709\u61c9\u64a4\u92b7\u3001\u5ee2\u6b62\u4e4b\u539f\u56e0\u8005\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u61c9\u5c31\u5176\u4e3b\u5f35\u6216\u6297\u8faf\u6709\u7121\u7406\u7531\u81ea\u70ba\u5224\u65b7\u2026\u2026\u300d\u3002\u672c\u689d\u6587\u8a2d\u8a08\u7528\u610f\u5728\u65bc\uff0c\u667a\u6167\u8ca1\u7522\u6cd5\u9662\u6bcb\u5eb8\u518d\u7b49\u5f85\u5c08\u5229\u8209\u767c\u64a4\u92b7\u4e4b\u884c\u653f\u6551\u6fdf\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u53ef\u7acb\u5373\u81ea\u884c\u5224\u65b7\u5c08\u5229\u662f\u5426\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u4ee5\u52a0\u901f\u5c08\u5229\u4fb5\u6b0a\u8a34\u8a1f\u4e4b\u9032\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u96d6\u7136\u667a\u8ca1\u6cd5\u9662\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u70ba\u8a8d\u5b9a\u5c08\u5229\u6709\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u6c11\u4e8b\u4fb5\u6b0a\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u8a8d\u5b9a\u7d50\u679c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u300c\u540c\u4e00\u7576\u4e8b\u4eba\u3001\u540c\u4e00\u57fa\u790e\u4e8b\u5be6\u300d\u4e4b\u9593\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u76f8\u5c0d\u6548\u529b\uff0c\u4e26\u7121\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u5c0d\u4e16\u6548\u300d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u8a72\u5c08\u5229\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u771f\u7684\u88ab\u64a4\u92b7\uff0c\u539f\u544a\u9084\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6301\u8a72\u5c08\u5229\u5411\u5176\u4ed6\u88ab\u544a\u63d0\u8d77\u8a34\u8a1f\u3002\u8981\u8b93\u5c08\u5229\u7121\u6548\u5224\u6c7a\u7522\u751f\u5c0d\u4e16\u6548\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u662f\u8209\u767c\u3001\u8a34\u9858\u5f8c\u7684\u884c\u653f\u8a34\u8a1f\uff0c\u624d\u6703\u771f\u7684\u8b93\u8a72\u5c08\u5229\u5fb9\u5e95\u7121\u6548\u3002\u7576\u521d\u60f3\u8a2d\u8a08\u5c08\u696d\u6cd5\u9662\u53d6\u4ee3\u5730\u65b9\u6cd5\u9662\uff0c\u4e26\u53ef\u81ea\u70ba\u5224\u65b7\u5c08\u5229\u6709\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u5c31\u662f\u60f3\u8981\u53d6\u4ee3\u8209\u767c\u7b49\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff1b\u4f46\u73fe\u5728\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u537b\u4e0d\u6562\u8b93\u6c11\u4e8b\u8a34\u8a1f\u5224\u6c7a\u7522\u751f\u5c0d\u4e16\u6548\uff0c\u800c\u4ecd\u9808\u4ef0\u8cf4\u8209\u767c\u3001\u8a34\u9858\u5f8c\u7684\u884c\u653f\u8a34\u8a1f\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u5c08\u5229\u6709\u6548\u6027\u7684\u8a8d\u5b9a\u6642\u7a0b\u4ecd\u7136\u62d6\u5ef6\u904e\u9577\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u570b1971\u5e74\u627f\u8a8d\u6cd5\u9662\u5224\u6c7a\u4e4b\u5c0d\u4e16\u6548<\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u570b\u5c08\u5229\u4fb5\u6b0a\u8a34\u8a1f\u4e2d\u722d\u57f7\u4e4b\u5c08\u5229\u4e00\u65e6\u88ab\u5224\u5b9a\u7121\u6548\uff0c\u5247\u8a72\u7121\u6548\u5224\u6c7a\u5247\u7522\u751f\u5c0d\u4e16\u4e4b\u6548\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u570b\u65bc1971\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u57fa\u65bc\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u96621936\u5e74Triplett v. Lowell\u6848\u7684\u898b\u89e3\uff0c\u8a34\u8a1f\u4e2d\u5c08\u5229\u6b0a\u7121\u6548\u4e4b\u7d50\u8ad6\u4e00\u65e6\u78ba\u5b9a\u5f8c\uff0c\u53ea\u5c0d\u8a72\u5224\u6c7a\u4e4b\u7576\u4e8b\u4eba\u53ca\u5176\u7e7c\u627f\u4eba\u6709\u62d8\u675f\u529b\uff0c\u81f3\u65bc\u540c\u4e00\u7cfb\u722d\u5c08\u5229\u6b0a\u4e4b\u53e6\u4e00\u4fb5\u5bb3\u8a34\u8a1f\u4e2d\u5c08\u5229\u7121\u6548\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u53ef\u81ea\u7531\u5224\u65b7\uff0c\u6b64\u4e43\u904e\u53bb\u6cd5\u9662\u5c0d\u8a34\u8a1f\u96d9\u65b9\u7576\u4e8b\u4eba\u61c9\u6709\u540c\u7b49\u7981\u53cd\u8a00\u539f\u5247\u4e4b\u62d8\u675f\uff0c\u5c08\u5229\u6b0a\u4eba\u57fa\u65bc\u7981\u53cd\u8a00\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c31\u5df2\u88ab\u78ba\u8a8d\u7121\u6548\u4e4b\u5c08\u5229\u518d\u5411\u540c\u4e00\u88ab\u544a\u8d77\u8a34\uff0c\u5247\u82e5\u5c08\u5229\u6b0a\u88ab\u78ba\u8a8d\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u88ab\u544a\u4e5f\u61c9\u56e0\u7981\u53cd\u8a00\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u4e3b\u5f35\u5c08\u5229\u7121\u6548\uff0c\u4f46\u524d\u5f8c\u5169\u4ef6\u4fb5\u6b0a\u88ab\u544a\u65e2\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5247\u5f8c\u8005\u81ea\u7121\u7981\u53cd\u8a00\u4e4b\u9069\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u904e\u57281971\u5e74\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5c31Blonder-Tongue vs. University of Illinois Foundation\u4e00\u6848\u5224\u6c7a\uff0c\u6539\u8b8a\u898b\u89e3\uff0c\u5224\u6c7a\u4e2d\u63d0\u53ca\u5c08\u5229\u6b0a\u4eba\u5728\u4e00\u7d42\u5c40\u4e26\u5f97\u4e0a\u8a34\u4e4b\u5224\u6c7a\u4e2d\u88ab\u8a8d\u5b9a\u7121\u6548\u4e4b\u5c08\u5229\u6b0a\u4eba\uff0c\u9593\u63a5\u88ab\u7981\u6b62\u518d\u4e3b\u5f35\u5c08\u5229\u6b0a\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5c08\u5229\u6b0a\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b49\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u8a72\u8a8d\u5b9a\u5c08\u5229\u6b0a\u7121\u6548\u4e4b\u8a34\u8a1f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0a\u3001\u5be6\u9ad4\u4e0a\u6216\u8b49\u64da\u4e0a\uff0c\u7121\u5145\u5206\u3001\u516c\u5e73\u6a5f\u6703\u5c0d\u6709\u6548\u6027\u722d\u9ede\u9032\u884c\u8a34\u8a1f\u3002<\/p>\n

1971\u5e74\u7f8e\u570bBlonder-Tongue\u6848\u4e8b\u5be6<\/p>\n

\u672c\u6848\u7684\u5c08\u5229\u6b0a\u4eba\u662f\u4f0a\u5229\u8afe\u5927\u5b78\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\uff08University of Illinois Foundation\uff09\uff0c\u64c1\u6709\u7f8e\u570b\u7b2c3210767\u865f\u5c08\u5229\uff08\u7cfb\u722d\u5c08\u5229\uff09\uff0c\u767c\u660e\u4eba\u70baDwight E. Isbell\uff0c\u540d\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u983b\u7387\u7368\u7acb\u55ae\u5411\u5929\u7dda\u300d\uff08Frequency Independent Unidirectional Antennas\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u672c\u6848\u4e2d\u7c21\u7a31Isbell\u5c08\u5229\u3002\u5176\u8acb\u6c42\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u5305\u542b\u5404\u7a2e\u985e\u578b\u7684\u50b3\u64ad\u3001\u5305\u62ec\u5ee3\u64ad\u3001\u96fb\u8996\u8a0a\u865f\u7684\u50b3\u64ad\u8207\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u9ad8\u756b\u8cea\u7684\u5f69\u8272\u8a0a\u865f\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f0a\u5229\u8afe\u5927\u5b78\u53d6\u5f97\u5c08\u5229\u5f8c\uff0c\u5148\u5c0d\u4e00\u5bb6\u5929\u7dda\u88fd\u9020\u5546Winegard\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u5728\u611b\u8377\u83ef\u5357\u5340\u5730\u5340\u6cd5\u9662\u63d0\u544a\u4fb5\u6b0a\u30021966\u5e74\uff0c\u6cd5\u5b98Stephenson\u5224\u6c7a\u8a8d\u70ba\u7cfb\u722d\u5c08\u5229\u53ea\u662f\u5c07\u4e09\u500b\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u820a\u5143\u7d20\u52a0\u4ee5\u7d50\u5408\uff0c\u5c0d\u6240\u5c6c\u6280\u85dd\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u901a\u5e38\u77e5\u8b58\u8005\u800c\u8a00\u70ba\u986f\u800c\u6613\u898b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7121\u6548\u3002\u4e0a\u8a34\u5f8c\uff0c\u7b2c\u516b\u5de1\u8ff4\u6cd5\u9662\u7dad\u6301Stephenson\u6cd5\u5b98\u7684\u5224\u6c7a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u57281966\u5e743\u6708\uff0cStephenson\u6cd5\u5b98\u505a\u51fa\u524d\u8ff0\u5224\u6c7a\u524d\uff0c\u4f0a\u5229\u8afe\u5927\u5b78\u5728\u4f0a\u5229\u8afe\u5317\u5340\u5730\u5340\u6cd5\u9662\uff0c\u5c0dWinegard\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5ba2\u6236\uff0c\u4e00\u5bb6\u540d\u70baBlonder-Tongue Laboratories \u7684\u516c\u53f8\u4e5f\u63d0\u8d77\u4fb5\u6b0a\u8a34\u8a1f\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u5176\u4fb5\u5bb3\u7cfb\u722d\u5c08\u5229\uff0c\u8207\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u5c08\u5229\uff08\u518d\u767c\u8b49\u7d66\u767c\u660e\u4ebaP. E. Mayes\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u5c08\u5229\u865fRe. 25,740\u7684\u5c08\u5229\uff0c\u5728\u672c\u6848\u4e2d\u7c21\u7a31Mayes\u5c08\u5229\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u672c\u6848\u57281968\u5e746\u6708\u505a\u51fa\u5224\u6c7a\uff0cHoffman\u6cd5\u5b98\u8a8d\u70ba\u4f9d\u5229\u8afe\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u4e8c\u9805\u5c08\u5229\u90fd\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u4e14\u90fd\u88ab\u4fb5\u5bb3\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u7cfb\u722d\u7684Isbell\u5c08\u5229\u5c08\u5229\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u88abStephenson\u6cd5\u5b98\u5728Winegard\u6848\u5df2\u7d93\u8a8d\u5b9a\u986f\u800c\u6613\u898b\u800c\u7121\u6548\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0cHoffman\u6cd5\u5b98\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u672c\u6cd5\u5b98\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u64da\u773c\u524d\u7684\u8b49\u64da\uff0c\u81ea\u70ba\u8a8d\u5b9a\u5176\u5c08\u5229\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002\u5176\u4e5f\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u5c08\u5229\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5df2\u7d93\u88ab\u5224\u6c7a\u7121\u6548\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5c08\u5229\u6b0a\u4eba\u4ecd\u6709\u6b0a\u5c0d\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u88ab\u544a\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u5c08\u5229\u6709\u6548\u53ca\u88ab\u4fb5\u5bb3\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u3002\u56e0\u800c\uff0cHoffman\u6cd5\u5b98\u6839\u64da\u773c\u524d\u7684\u8b49\u64da\uff0c\u4e0d\u8a8d\u540cWinegard \u6848\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u5176\u8a8d\u70ba\u7cfb\u722d\u7684Isbell\u5c08\u5229\u548cMayes\u5c08\u5229\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u88ab\u544aBlonder-Tongue\u516c\u53f8\u4e0d\u670d\uff0c\u63d0\u8d77\u4e0a\u8a34\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e03\u5de1\u8ff4\u6cd5\u9662\u7dad\u6301\u4e00\u5be9\u898b\u89e3\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u7cfb\u722d\u7684Isbell\u5c08\u5229\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\uff0c\u4e14Blonder-Tongue\u516c\u53f8\u78ba\u5be6\u69cb\u6210\u4fb5\u6b0a\u3002Blonder-Tongue\u516c\u53f8\u7e7c\u7e8c\u4e0a\u8a34\u5230\u7f8e\u570b\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u7b2c\u4e03\u5de1\u8ff4\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u5224\u6c7a\u8207\u7b2c\u516b\u5de1\u8ff4\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u5224\u6c7a\uff0c\u5169\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u5224\u6c7a\u7cfb\u722dIsbell\u7121\u6548\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u5224\u6c7a\u6709\u6548\u3002\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u53d7\u7406\u8a72\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n

1936\u5e74\u5224\u6c7a\u5148\u4f8bTriplett v. Lowell\u6848<\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u570b\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u57281936\u5e74\u66fe\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5224\u6c7a\u5148\u4f8bTriplett v. Lowell\u6848\uff0c\u505a\u904e\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u898b\u89e3\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u524d\u4e00\u500b\u5224\u6c7a\u5224\u6c7a\u5c08\u5229\u7121\u6548\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u5c08\u5229\u6b0a\u4eba\u5f8c\u4f86\u5411\u53e6\u4e00\u540d\u88ab\u544a\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4fb5\u6b0a\u6848\uff0c\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u65e2\u5224\u529b\u300d\uff08res judicata\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u672c\u6848\u7684\u554f\u984c\u5728\u65bc\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u8a72\u63a8\u7ffb\u9019\u500b\u898b\u89e3\uff1f<\/p>\n

1936\u5e74Triplett v. Lowell\u6848\u7684\u898b\u89e3\uff0c\u662f\u6cd5\u9662\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u76f8\u4e92\u7981\u53cd\u8a00\u300d\uff08mutuality of estoppel\uff09\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u8a34\u8a1f\u96d9\u65b9\u7576\u4e8b\u4eba\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u90fd\u53d7\u5230\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u6848\u4ef6\u5224\u6c7a\u7684\u62d8\u675f\uff1b\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u5018\u82e5\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u7576\u4e8b\u4eba\u4e0d\u53d7\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u5224\u6c7a\u7684\u62d8\u675f\uff0c\u5247\u4e0d\u8ad6\u4f55\u65b9\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u6703\u53d7\u5230\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u5224\u6c7a\u7684\u62d8\u675f\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u5f9e1936\u5e74\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6cd5\u9662\u5076\u723e\u90fd\u6703\u8cea\u7591\u6b64\u4e00\u76f8\u4e92\u7981\u53cd\u8a00\u539f\u5247\u3002\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5224\u6c7a\uff0c\u662f1942\u5e74\u52a0\u5dde\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u7684Bernhard v. Bank of America Nat. Trust & Savings Assn.\u6848\uff0c\u5176\u5c31\u660e\u78ba\u63a8\u7ffb\u76f8\u4e92\u7981\u53cd\u8a00\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u4e26\u8a8d\u70ba\u80fd\u5920\u4e3b\u5f35\u524d\u6848\u65e2\u5224\u529b\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u4e8b\u524d\u6848\u7684\u7576\u4e8b\u4eba\u6216\u8207\u7576\u4e8b\u4eba\u6709\u5bc6\u5207\u95dc\u9023\uff08in privity with a party\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u627f\u8a8d\u5224\u6c7a\u5c0d\u4e16\u6548<\/p>\n

Blonder-Tongue\u6848\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u904e\u53bb\u4ee5\u4f86\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u6848\u4ef6\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6311\u6230\u76f8\u4e92\u7981\u53cd\u8a00\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u53ea\u8981\u4e0d\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u7279\u5b9a\u6848\u4ef6\u7684\u516c\u6b63\u5be9\u5224\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5c0d\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u8b70\u984c\u9032\u884c\u91cd\u8907\u7684\u8a34\u8a1f\u3002\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u60f3\u5ee2\u9664\u76f8\u4e92\u7981\u53cd\u8a00\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u53f8\u6cd5\u884c\u653f\u7684\u6548\u7387\u7684\u516c\u5171\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u554f\u984c\u5728\u65bc\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5df2\u7d93\u7d66\u4e00\u500b\u8a34\u8a1f\u7576\u4e8b\u4eba\u5b8c\u6574\u4e14\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u900f\u904e\u8a34\u8a1f\u722d\u57f7\u4e00\u500b\u8b70\u984c\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u518d\u7d66\u4ed6\u4e8c\u6b21\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u3002\u8981\u6c42\u4e0d\u540c\u88ab\u544a\u5c0d\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u5df2\u7d93\u5224\u904e\u7684\u554f\u984c\u91cd\u65b0\u9032\u884c\u8a34\u8a1f\uff0c\u662f\u8cc7\u6e90\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u8a34\u8a1f\u7576\u4e8b\u4eba\u80fd\u5426\u4e3b\u5f35\u8a34\u8a1f\u7981\u53cd\u8a00\uff0c\u95dc\u9375\u5728\u65bc\u4e4b\u524d\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7d93\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5b8c\u6574\u4e14\u516c\u6b63\uff08full and fair\uff09\u7684\u8a34\u8a1f\u6a5f\u6703\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u500b\u7576\u4e8b\u4eba\u5728\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u8a34\u8a1f\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u5c0d\u8a72\u8acb\u6c42\u63d0\u51fa\u8b49\u64da\u53ca\u4e3b\u5f35\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c0d\u4ed6\u4e3b\u5f35\u8a34\u8a1f\u7981\u53cd\u8a00\uff1b\u4f46\u82e5\u4e00\u500b\u7576\u4e8b\u4eba\u5728\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6c92\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u5247\u57fa\u65bc\u6b63\u7576\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8003\u91cf\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u525d\u596a\u4ed6\u5011\u9019\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8a34\u8a1f\u6b0a\u5229\u3002\u4f46\u672c\u6848\u6c92\u6709\u9019\u7a2e\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u672c\u6848\u8655\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5c08\u5229\u6b0a\u4eba\u4f5c\u70ba\u539f\u544a\uff0c\u5728\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5df2\u7d93\u6709\u5b8c\u6574\u4e14\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u8a34\u8a1f\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u4f46\u5224\u6c7a\u5176\u5c08\u5229\u7121\u6548\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u5426\u9084\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u5c08\u5229\u5728\u53bb\u544a\u5176\u4ed6\u88ab\u544a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5f37\u8abf\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u5c08\u5229\u4fb5\u6b0a\u8a34\u8a1f\u7684\u88ab\u544a\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u63f4\u5f15\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u5224\u6c7a\uff0c\u800c\u4e3b\u5f35\u8a34\u8a1f\u7981\u53cd\u8a00\u3002\u91cd\u9ede\u5728\u65bc\uff0c\u5c08\u5229\u6b0a\u4eba\u4f5c\u70ba\u539f\u544a\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0a\u7684\u516c\u6b63\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u5728\u5be6\u8cea\u4e0a\u53ca\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0a\u53bb\u652f\u6301\u5176\u4e3b\u5f35\u3002\u54ea\u7a2e\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u8a34\u8a1f\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6c92\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0a\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u53ca\u516c\u6b63\u8a34\u8a1f\u6a5f\u6703\uff1f\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u8209\u4f8b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u6848\u4ef6\u8a8d\u5b9a\u986f\u800c\u6613\u898b\u6642\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4f9d\u64da\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5728Graham v. John Deere Co.\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u53ca\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6cd5\u9662\u6839\u672c\u6c92\u6709\u641e\u61c2\u6280\u8853\u5167\u5bb9\u800c\u63f4\u5f15\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u5148\u524d\u6280\u8853\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6cd5\u9662\u525d\u596a\u4e86\u5c08\u5229\u6b0a\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u95dc\u9375\u8b49\u64da\u6216\u8b49\u4eba\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u53f0\u7063\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u53cd\u601d<\/p>\n

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